A friend quit recently because of his boss. The boss would criticise him for doing things she herself did. She would gaslight him as incompetent when it was an issue of style and not competence. Not wanting to suffer further mental and emotional distress, he left.

On the other hand, another friend shared how she was grateful for her boss, who was caring and supportive, stood up for her and reflected Christ to her.

As a manager in my professional work, a church ministry leader, and a father and husband, I have been reflecting a lot on what it means to be a good leader.

In these roles, I have had to counsel people, delegate tasks, organise teams, conduct investigations and discipline, among other things. What is the essential work of leadership? What do the Scriptures reveal to me about this?

These reflections I’ve penned are not based on what I have achieved, but are guidance given which I am learning to apply daily. Nor is it a comprehensive theological treatise (best left for another time).

It applies to leadership in any context, whether it is work in a secular organisation or leading in a Christian environment. 

Leadership is exercising authority to lead people for a purpose. Three ideas stand out: Authority, Leading and Purpose.

Authority conferred for a purpose

Authority is that which people obey. It comes in different forms, for instance legal, moral, spiritual, social. Legitimate authority is what people should submit to (1 Peter 2:13). Authority and power may be illegitimate, for instance violence or psychological control. We will focus here only on legitimate authority. 

Legitimate authority is always conferred. Whether by calling, commission or consensus. 

Authority was first conferred by God on humankind through the cultural mandate (Genesis 1:26-28; Genesis 2:15). The cultural mandate follows from God creating humankind in His image. 

It is the mandate to exercise authority over God’s creation to make it flourish. To work and keep the garden. 

To “keep” is to tend to and to protect. Humankind was to keep the garden as much as to keep the Word of God. Tending to our charge cannot be apart from keeping the Word of God. The Creator thus delegated His authority to His image-bearers to make His creation flourish according to His purposes. 

Given that authority is conferred or delegated, our responsibility is as stewards or guardians over the charges entrusted to us. We are not owners but trustees. 

We infer that, at the most generic level, leaders are conferred authority to make their charge flourish for a purpose. 

Leading as shepherds who serve

What then does it mean to lead? 

In the Old Testament, rulers and leaders were referred to as shepherds. In Ezekiel 34, God chastised Israel’s leaders as shepherds who fed only themselves and ignored the scattered sheep. Accordingly, God declared that He as the shepherd would gather and feed His sheep in justice.

In Ezekiel 34:16, God said: “I will seek the lost, and I will bring back the strayed, and I will bind up the injured, and I will strengthen the weak, and the fat and the strong I will destroy. I will feed them in justice.”

This was fulfilled in Jesus, who declared Himself the Good Shepherd (John 10). Yet, Jesus conferred delegated authority of shepherding to His disciples. Before His ascension, He commissioned the apostle Peter to feed His sheep (John 21). The New Testament thus refers to church leaders as God’s under-shepherds (1 Peter 5).

We see that to lead is to gather and to tend to the people entrusted to us. 

Gathering entails proactively seeking out people; bringing them together and bringing them back into community. Part of gathering may include protecting the team, even to discipline and remove those who should not be part of the team. Tending to entails nursing wounds, encouraging, and feeding. 

This is necessarily the result of living in a fallen world. People will stray, scatter, and lose sight of shared purpose. People will have needs, get hurt, and become discouraged. Some will be so dangerous to the group that they must be removed. 

In both the Old and New Testaments, positive depictions of shepherd leaders are characterised not by what they do. Instead, the focus is on how and why they lead. Character and convictions matter more than methods and outcomes. 

The Bible says that leaders are:

• To be servants not overlords (Matthew 20:25-28); 
• To lead by example (1 Peter 5:2-3, 1 Timothy 4:12);
• To lead voluntarily with eagerness and pure intentions (1 Peter 5:2-3);
• To lead with humility considering others’ interests (Philippians 2:3-4); 
• To build others up (1 Thessalonians 5:11).

It makes sense that character and convictions matter most in the leadership task of gathering and tending to. It is because leading is done not by coercion but influence, not by domination but service.

Character establishes moral authority and convictions sustain service. 

Purposed towards a God-given destination

Leaders gather people to bring them towards a destination. That means a shared purpose and vision. 

In non-Christian contexts, the destination is usually a corporate mission and vision to pursue the organisation’s purpose. These may be determined by the organisation’s shareholders or founders.

In a Christian context, these should not principally be determined by any organisation’s founders or stakeholders.

Instead, Christians believe that it is God’s purposes that determine the destination in any season. This is a matter of spiritual discernment based on the will of God revealed from His Word.

Even so, in both contexts, discernment is needed to determine the destination. 

In sum, leadership is shepherding, exercising one’s conferred authority to gather and tend to their charges in order to help them flourish for a discerned purpose.

May our character and convictions as Christian leaders reflect the image of God — His character and His heart.